The Interaction of Thought, Consciousness and Language in the Concepts of Ancient Thinkers
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to consider the process of historical development of ancient ideas about the interconnection of thinking, reason, consciousness, language as important objects of the study of Philosophy and Psychology at the stage of their formation. The ideas of thinking, reason, consciousness and language, reflected in the most famous philosophical concepts of thinkers of the Antiquity era, which are significant for all future generations of researchers in this field, are analyzed. Methodology. Comparative and historical methods have been used to examine the features of philosophical and psychological understanding of thinking, reason, consciousness, language in the history of world thought, and the study of the formation and development of psychological knowledge. The views of ancient Greek philosophers of nature (Thales, Anaximander, Anaximen, Heraclitus of Ephesus and Democritus), Pythagoreans, Eleatians, Sophists, Plato, and Aristotle regarding soul, thinking and language are considered. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is, first of all, in the following: it is substantiated that Plato laid the foundations for understanding the cognitive function of consciousness, he formulated the idea that the name is a tool of thought because it expresses the essence in such a way that there is a certain interpretation of things in the name of the subject of cognition (so that we consider things from that or the other side), therefore, the name does not exactly coincide with the Еidos of things, that is the ideal entity is one thing, and the interpretation by its person is another – more or less approximate imitation of the ideal model. Conclusions. It is concluded that the powerful integrality of the conceptions of the antiq thinkers is manifested in the fact that the only laws of the organization of the Cosmos and the organization of the human soul inevitably correlated with the structure of political and legal institutions. The unity of psychological, ontological, epistemological, logical, ethical, aesthetic, political and other components in the teachings of the classics of ancient philosophical thought is a highly important phenomenon for further understanding of the peculiarities of the formation of philosophical and psychological thought.
Keywords: Plato; Aristotle; Antiquity era; philosophy; psychology; soul; thinking; reason; consciousness; language.
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