Problems and Basic Directions of Adaptation of Students to the Conditions of Training in Higher Education Institutions

Abstract

The article discusses the features of the adaptation of student youth to the educational environment in universities. It was determined that during the course of training for students, the foundations of professionalism are laid, the need and readiness for continuous self-education in changing conditions are formed, this is largely determined by the success of adaptation processes that should be taken into account in the educational process. Thus, the purpose of our study was to determine the features of student’s adaptation to the conditions of the university’s educational environment. The methodological basis of the article was based on general psychological provisions on the essence and development of personality in the process of life, theoretical provisions on the essence and pattern development of the personality and its socio-psychological adaptation, the principle of a systematic approach, which is widely used in modern scientific developments. Scientific novelty it has been established that the problems associated with the acquisition of knowledge in the first year can be explained not by poor preparation at school, but a lack of personality traits such as willingness to learn, the ability to learn independently, to control and evaluate oneself, to own one’s individual characteristics of cognitive activity, and ability properly distribute your working time for self-preparation. The success of the adaptation process depends on the psychological properties of the personality, on the level of its development, and is determined by the optimal level of personal regulation of activity and behavior. Adaptation criterion should be considered the student’s integration into the educational environment, finding his own place in the social and professional structure, general health level, ability to develop in accordance with his life potential, subjective sense of self-esteem. Conclusions. Optimization of the adaptation process of learning at a university should include an understanding by teachers, curators and the institute’s management of the content, dynamics and characteristics of student’s adaptation. Therefore, the organization of the educational process, taking into account the patterns of adaptation of students to various types of activities and their living conditions, is the primary task of higher education.

Keywords: adaptation; adaptation processes; adjustment; adaptation disorders; educational activity; student.