The Interaction of Philosophy, Psychology, Semiotics in the Study of Consciousness and Thinking (From Antiquity to Modern Times)
Keywords:
consciousness, thinking, intelligence, philosophy, psychology, semiotics
Abstract
In the article the historical development of ideas about the human mind as an object of study of philosophy, psychology and semiotics from antiquity to the Modern times is considered. Philosophical, psychological and semiotic discoveries of famous thinkers from different periods are characterized. In particular, the author examines the basic ideas of Empedocles about the knowledge kind of this kind, Anaxagoras about the knowledge such opposite and mind (noos), which is above and beyond nature, the Sophists about the relationship between world and thoughts about the world, Plato’s metaphorical description of the structure of the soul by means of an allegory about the driver who ruled the chariot of naughty wild horse and easy-ruled tribal horse, as well as three levels of knowledge, Aristotle’s individual mind (material, potential side of reason) and its interaction with the immortal creative mind, Epicurus about the individual feeling as a source of knowledge, Tertullian, Gregory of Nyssa, Aurelius Augustine about the Threeunity of Divine consciousness (memory – «memoria»), mind («intelligentia») and will («voluntas»), John Scotus Eriugena, Anselm of Canterbury about the intellectual comprehension of the truths of faith, Al-Farabi, Abu Ibn Sina (known in the west as Avicenna) and Abul-Walid Ibn Rushd (in the Latin tradition – Averroes) about the perpetual super-active (active) mind and the potential mind, of F. Bacon about the priming knowledge on the experience, St. Thomas Aquinas about the soul with the vegetative, sensitive, motive and rational abilities, as well as the mind – potential (intellectus possibilis) and active (intellectus agens), Nicholas of Cusa, G. Bruno, F. Patrizzi, H. Grotius, F. Bacon about the memory (memoria), imagination (phantasia), reason (ratio), T. Hobbes, J. Locke’s about the dispositions of the mind and the existence of innate human capacity for submissions, Leibniz, Voltaire, also Kant and other representatives of German classical philosophy on the category as a priori elements of reason and formal conditions of a complete system of pure reason. Content views these philosophers are disclosed in the context of the semiotic approach. The value of these ideas and other scientists to the interaction of semiotics, philosophy and psychology in the study of consciousness as the highest form of the sign reflection is determined.Downloads
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Theoretical and methodological issues of legal psychology
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