Characteristics of the Psychological Determination of the Phenomenon of Corruption
Abstract
The article describes the phenomenon of corruption in Ukrainian society, through the prism of psychological determination, against the background of its historical and world development. The author has analyzed the contemporary perception of this phenomenon by society, in the aspect of the problem at the state level, and also in the aspect of «norm», as an instrument of substitution by an inefficient mechanism that must fulfill certain state functions. The author determines that there are many forms of corruption manifestations: bribery, favoritism, nepotism (coercion), protectionism, lobbying, illegal distribution and redistribution of public resources and funds, misappropriation of public resources for private purposes, illegal privatization, illegal support and financing of political structures (parties, etc.), the provision of preferential loans, orders, the famous Ukrainian «blat» (the use of personal contacts for access to public resources - goods, services, providing various services to relatives, friends, acquaintances), etc. The author paid attention to the new anti-corruption institutions. Statistical research data were used to establish the corruption level of «contamination» in various spheres of public life in different territories of Ukraine. New ways of countering corruption are proposed, taking into account the world experience of European countries. It is substantiated that the problem of corruption is not so much criminological and criminal-legal, as socio-political and psychological. That is why the strategy of prevention should be oriented towards economic, social, psychological, moral, and political measures. In particular, the measures of state agitation and propaganda of the anti-corruption way of existence in all spheres of society, as a way to obtain a relative equality of the bulk of the population with the oligarchic elite, can yield a very significant result. It should be clearly understood that unfortunately, it is impossible to eliminate corruption completely, like any social evil of this level, which have powerful foundations in the economic, political and social structure of society.
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