Psychological Views of Pythagoras
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to clarify the origins of the history of psychology, to return to the person of the first European thinker, philosopher, scientist, creator of the universal system of knowledge where psychology was
first presented. The methodology of this study is the author’s denial of the «pyramidality» of methodologies and advocating a «horizontal» polymethodological approach, where the creator of the methodology and methodology of scientific research is the scientist himself (see the author’s publications in the journal «Legal Psychology» No. 1 (7) in 2010, No. 2 (12) in 2012, No. 1 (15) in 2014, etc.). In addition, the author used a logical methodology in writing the article, as well as the method of hermeneutics and the historical method. The presented material is marked by scientific novelty because in the history of psychology the figure of this Thinker is mostly ignored. There is almost no mention of Pythagoras. Conclusions: information about the creative heritage of Pythagoras is contradictory. It is sometimes claimed that he did not write anything, other sources indicate that Pythagoras wrote three, six, eighteen treatises. However, the fact is that in all lists of his works there is a mention of the treatise «On the Soul», the text of which has come down to us. Analysis of this treatise gives grounds to consider Pythagoras the discoverer of psychology and its place in the system of sciences. It is believed that, as in many other matters, Plato, Aristotle, Empidocles, Democritus and other ancient thinkers creatively used the legacy of Pythagoras, including that part of it that relates to psychology.
Keywords: psychology; soul; sensations; thinking; consciousness; psyche.
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